Could Jupiter Become a Star

Jupiter is the most massive planet in the solar system, yet it isnt a star. Does that mean its a failed star? Could it ever become a star? Scientists have pondered these questions​ but didnt have enough information to draw definitive conclusions until NASAs Galileo spacecraft studied the planet, starting in 1995. Why We Can't Ignite Jupiter The Galileo spacecraft studied Jupiter for eight years and eventually began to wear out. Scientists were concerned contact with the craft would be lost, ultimately leading Galileo to orbit Jupiter until it either crashed into the planet or one of its moons. To avoid possible contamination of a potentially living moon from bacteria on Galileo, NASA intentionally crashed Galileo into Jupiter. Some people worried the plutonium thermal reactor that powered the spacecraft could start a chain reaction, igniting Jupiter and turning it into a star. The reasoning was that since plutonium is used to detonate hydrogen bombs and the Jovian atmosphere is rich in the element, the two together could create an explosive mixture, ultimately starting the fusion reaction that occurs in stars. The crash of Galileo didnt burn Jupiters hydrogen, nor could any explosion. The reason is that Jupiter doesnt have oxygen or water (which consists of hydrogen and oxygen) to support combustion. Why Jupiter Can't Become a Star Yet, Jupiter is very massive! People who call Jupiter a failed star are usually referring to the fact that Jupiter is rich in hydrogen and helium, like stars, but not massive enough to produce the internal temperatures and pressures that start a fusion reaction. In comparison to the Sun, Jupiter is a lightweight, containing only about 0.1% of the solar mass. Yet, there are stars much less massive than the Sun. It only takes about 7.5% of the solar mass to make a red dwarf. The smallest known red dwarf is about 80 times more massive than Jupiter. In other words, if you added 79 more Jupiter-sized planets to the existing world, youd have enough mass to make star. The smallest stars are brown dwarf stars, which are only 13 times the mass of Jupiter. Unlike Jupiter, a brown dwarf can truly be called a failed star. It has enough mass to fuse deuterium (an isotope of hydrogen), but not enough mass to sustain the true fusion reaction that defines a star. Jupiter is within an order of magnitude of having enough mass to become a brown dwarf. Jupiter Was Destined to Be a Planet Becoming a star isnt all about mass. Most scientists think that even if Jupiter had 13 times its mass, it wouldnt become a brown dwarf. The reason is its chemical composition and structure, which is a consequence of how Jupiter formed. Jupiter formed as planets form, rather than how stars are made. Stars form from clouds of gas and dust that are attracted to each other by electrical charge and gravity. The clouds become more dense and eventually start rotating. The rotation flattens the matter into a disc. The dust clumps together to form planetesimals of ice and rock, which collide with each other to form even larger masses. Eventually, about the time the mass is about ten times that of the Earth, the gravity is enough to attract gas from the disc. In the early formation of the solar system, the central region (which became the Sun) took most of the available mass, including its gases. At the time, Jupiter probably had a mass about 318 times that of Earth. At the point the Sun became a star, the solar wind blew away most of the remaining gas. It's Different for Other Solar Systems While astronomers and astrophysicists are still trying to decipher the details of solar system formation, its known that most solar systems have two, three, or more stars (usually 2). While its unclear why our solar system only has one star, observations of the formation of other solar systems indicate their mass is distributed differently before the stars ignite. For example, in a binary system, the mass of the two stars tends to be roughly equivalent. Jupiter, on the other hand, never approached the mass of the Sun. But, What If Jupiter Became a Star? If we took one of the smallest known stars (OGLE-TR-122b, Gliese 623b, and AB Doradus C) and replaced Jupiter with it, there would be a star with about 100 times the mass of Jupiter. Yet, the star would be less than 1/300th as bright as the Sun. If Jupiter somehow gained that much mass, it would only be about 20% bigger than it is now, much more dense, and maybe 0.3% as bright as the Sun. Since Jupiter is 4 times further from us than the Sun, wed only see an increased energy of about 0.02%, which is much less than the difference in energy we get from annual variations in the course of Earths orbit around the Sun. In other words, Jupiter turning into a star would have little to no impact on Earth. Possibly the bright star in the sky might confuse some organisms that use moonlight, because Jupiter-the-star would be about 80 times brighter than the full moon. Also, the star would be red and bright enough to be visible during the day. According to Robert Frost, an instructor and flight controller at NASA, if Jupiter gained the mass to become a star the orbits of the inner plants would be largely unaffected, while a body 80 times more massive than Jupiter would affect the orbits of Uranus, Neptune, and especially Saturn. The more massive Jupiter, whether it became a star or not, would only affect objects within approximately 50 million kilometers. References: Ask a Mathematician Physicist, How Close Is Jupiter to Being a Star?, June 8, 2011 (retrieved April 5, 2017) NASA, What Is Jupiter?, August 10, 2011 (retrieved April 5, 2017)

Fisher Vs. Texas State University Of Texas - 2466 Words

Fisher vs. Texas Background In 1997, Texas legislature passed a law that all high school seniors were to be accepted to the University of Texas if they finish in the top ten percent of their class. The University of Texas followed this law but found that their student body was becoming less and diverse. Universities believe that having a diverse student is an important part of learning. To add diversity, the University of Texas decided to modify its race neutral policy. Now the university would use race for admission decisions. The University of Texas continued to follow the rule that the top ten percent of high school students would be automatically admitted into UT. This rule accounted for 81% of 2008 s freshman class. The other 19% of applicants could still be admitted by good GPA, high-standardized test scores, family conditions, leadership, and race (FISHER v. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS). Abigail Fisher applied for undergrad admission to the University of Texas in 2008. Fisher, a white female, did not qualify for automatic admission because she was not in the top 10 percent of her graduating class. Abigail had high school GPA of 3.59 and ranked in the top 12% of her class at Stephen F. Austin High School. She scored 1180 on the out of a possible 1600. To compare Abigail’s scores to the incoming class of University of Texas the 25th percentile was 1120 and 1the 75th percentile was 1370 on the SAT. Abigail was also involved in math competitions, the orchestra, and communityShow MoreRelatedThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment976 Words   |  4 Pageswas Fisher vs. University of Texas. It was in this case that the plaintiff, Abigail N. Fisher filed suit against the University of Texas with the claim that the University had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 13th Amendment. The main question that arose in the question was, â€Å"does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permit the consideration of race in undergraduate admissions decisions†. The overall decision of the Supreme Court was that the University of Texas hadn’tRead MoreDiscrimination And Discrimination Of The United States Essay2073 Words   |  9 Pages For a long time, equality in the United States was just a figment of some hopeful people’s imaginations, and an impractical idea from their reality. There was separation in schools, restaurants, and even workplaces. Along with separation there was racism and discrimination everywhere. 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In response to such suppressive inequalities, the United States decided to passRead MoreWhat is Affirmitive Action?934 Words   |  4 Pagesintended to promote the opportunities of defined minority groups within a society to give them equal access to that of the privileged majority population. This has become a problem when it comes to applying for jobs, a university, and any other entity. The term was first used in the United States in the Executive Order 10925 and was signed by President Kennedy in the early 1960’s. President Johnson signed the Executive Ord er 11246 in 1965 which required government employers to hire without regard to raceRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Effects On College Demographics Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesto Executive order 11246, until July 20, 1995. The Board of Regents at the University of California adopted Regents Resolutions SP-1 and SP-2. Under the Regent Resolution SP-1, race, religion, sex, color, ethnicity, and national origin could not be considered in the admission decision process and would not influence the individual’s academic capabilities. While under the SP-2, the order heavily focused on the Universities employment, eliminating the consideration of the same qualities in contractingRead MoreRacial Inequality And Affirmative Action900 Words   |  4 Pagesfor everyone, whether in education or in the workforce. Even if this was a program created in the 1960’s, problems continue to present itself as shown through the many court cases, such as Brown vs. Board of Education, Fi sher vs. University of Texas, Grutter vs. Bollinger et al, and Hopwood vs. State of Texas. Thus, racial inequality and affirmative action continues to be a controversial topic even to this day. 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Affirmative action is controversial due its issue of whether the generation of today should pay for the past injusticesRead MoreAffirmative Action Is Important For The Future Of The Diversified Generations Of America Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative Action In Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream Speech, he states â€Å"I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character† for this reason affirmative action in higher education admission should alter for it creates a perpetual racial preference in admission. Affirmative action is controversial due its issue of whether the generation of today should pay for the past injustices done to certain ethnicities. It questions the constitutionalityRead MoreThe Issue Of Affirmative Action Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King, in his I Have a Dream Speech, states â€Å"I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character† for this reason affirmative action in higher education admission should be altered for it creates a perpetually racial preference in admission. Affirmative action is controversial due it s issue of whether the generation of today should pay for the past injustices done to certain ethnicities. It questions the constitutionality

Business Process Model of Bakery Case Study

Question: Discuss the factors you have identified and expalin why they are more reliable then the cliches in the original article. Answer: 1. business process of b bakery B Bakery is a bakery company that sells products to supermarkets and different pub chains. They have mixed customer base with some prominent businesses as their customer. They produces bakery products and supplies those to another businesses, shops etc. A bakery business needs has some production unit, supply chain management, sales, marketing, accounts, finance and HR management process. The supply chain management will take care of buying raw material from other businesses, like poultry farm, fruit shop, flour supplier etc. Then the production using will produce bakery product. Then the inventory and logistics management will need to store those products and delivery the orders to different shops, pubs etc. Accounts will manage the accounting activities, payment to suppliers, payment from customers, payroll management of the staffs etc. The HR management will take care of the hiring, payroll etc. of the staffs. Finally sales will take order and sells the products by exploring prospective markets. Marketing will takes care of promotion of the business. Each of the business processes are dependent on each other. If one process is affected it will hamper the whole business process. For example, if there is problem with supply product ion will be affected, and that will affect sales, finally accounts. In the same way, if the business losses some accounts, then the business will have less sales, HR management will suffer. Thus for running a bakery, it needs to take care of each business processes, the resources like baking equipment, bakers, chefs etc. B. Bakery will follow something similar to what a typical baker does. 2. Business Requirements Each process of a bakery business, as discussed in the previous section, are important and indispensable. However the core business processes are, SCM, production, HRM and accounts. But, accounts is the most important for any business as it works like fuel to the whole business process. The business of B bakery has got significant growth in last few years. However, currently it is facing some difficulties with accounts. They have dedicated accountant team with accounting experts who takes care of the bookkeeping etc. for the business. But the accounts cannot help in competitive decision making activities. As a result the company has lost some of its important accounts by failing to offer products at competitive price. Now, it has realized that the business needs more information for running it smoothly in coming years. These information are likely to come from their business processes and market research. Based on these information the company will be able to make strategic decisions and that will help them to bring their business to next level of success. (John Wiley Sons, 2012) The business wants to have an accounting information system for its business. They want to invest in some available accounting software for that purpose. Thus the business requirements for B Bakery are, Enhancing their accounts. Integrating all business processes and accounting system for better decision making. Investing in some available accounting software and customizing it according to their business process. Implementation of ERP and AIS for their business. ERP will help in integrating the business processes and will provide a better platform for AIS or accounting Information System. The bakery business needs several key outputs from its core business processes to achieve better performance of their business in market. The first thing needs from the business processes are information. All transactional and operational information are required for processing and decision making. Accounting is a process in a business that is connected to all other business process. So, for getting more information from the accounts process, it will need information from all business processes that are present in the business. It will take information like payable to suppliers, stock in inventory, amount of sales, possible margins, cost of raw materials, costing, labor charge etc. All these are important to setting competitive price of some product. Other information are needed from the business processes are the payrolls of the staffs of the company etc. For acquiring these information from the business processes, it will need an integration of the business processes and the systems used for the business processes. Better integration will provide better compatibility and faster business process. Ultimately that will help in earning more revenue. The AIS implemented over the ERP or integrated to the ERP implementation will provide a structure to the business that will help the business to collect, process, manage, store and retrieve financial and accounts information by business analysts, managers, accountants, tax consultants, auditors etc. On the other hand ERP will integrate the functions and processes of the business. The integration of ERP and AIS will bring more valuable information from the business information. AIS will provide business forecasting information by analyzing historical information. (Romney Steinbart, 2014) 3. System Requirements The firm will need ERP and AIS implementation for their business. Both of the implementation are necessary for achieving the business objectives of the company. The ERP software will integrate all business processes and there will be a shared and central database for all business processes. The central database will be also available to the AIS process. Thus the AIS software will have access to information from the entire business process and the processing will be better and more accurate. (Gelinas Dull, 2008) Any AIS provides three fundamental functions to the business process. Those are, 1. An effective and efficient data processing using the data acquired from different transactions by the company. For that function it will need to capture all those transaction sources, documentation etc. All these transactions should be recorded to journals. A journal chronologically records each transactional event related to the company. Then it will need to transfer data from journal to ledgers. In ledger, it will sort data based on different accounts. 2. The AIS software will help the management in decision making by providing information from the databases and analysis. There are mainly two categories of information to be shared with management, managerial reports and financial statements. 3. The AIS software will provide all required internal control for ensuring the reliability of the information being produced by the software, for ensuring the efficiency of the business activities and accordance to the objectives of management. There are various sub systems of any AIS software. Those are, financial cycle, expenditure cycle, HR, revenue cycle, production cycles and general ledger and reporting cycle. 4. Selection of Software B Bakery is a family owned firm based business. It has near about 70 employees. The business has generated revenue more than $13.5 million in the last year. Thus the company can be categorized as medium to large scale company. So, it will need some suitable solution for their business. (Simkin, et al., 2014) Based on the industry research, there are three classes of accounting information system software for businesses based on the size of the business. Those are, 4.1 Entry level solutions The entry level accounting software are suitable for small businesses and home based businesses with one to five members. The software from this class is capable of delivering basic financial accounting functionalities, review, reporting etc. AIS like QuickBooks, SAGE 50 US Edition, XERO, FreshBooks, and Wave etc. are the examples of AIS software belonging from this class. 4.2 Small to Medium scale Business Solutions This class of AIS software are suitable for small and medium scale businesses with five to 100 active users. The software are able to support more functionalities than the previous class. There will be high demanding transactional information support for reporting etc. The software are highly scalable and the associated database will be robust. Some examples are SAGE 100 ERP, EXACT Max, QuickBook enterprise, CYMA, Microsoft Dynamics (GP, NAV, SP), SAP By Design etc. 4.3 Enterprise Accounting Software This class of AIS software are suitable for organizations having more than 100 active users. These systems has robust feature sets and extended functionalities. The Examples of such software are, SAP, Oracle, SAGE ERP X3 etc. Based on the business requirements and organizational details of B Bakery, the recommendation is for selecting a good SMB solutions. 5. Selection of Vendor Among the SMB accounting system solution providers, the prominent vendors are SAGE 100 ERP, Microsoft Dynamics (GP, NAV, SP), SAP By Design etc. Here is a discussion of these three systems along with available variations. 5.1 SAGE 100 ERP SAGE 100 ERP has different variation of AIS software for SMBs. Those are SAGE 100 Advanced ERP, SAGE 100 Standard ERP etc. It can support almost 50 active users at a time for diverse range of accounting and financial activities, business intelligence, HR, web services, manufacturing and distribution, CRM services. The solutions are highly customizable based on different business processes. The software are highly modularized, stable and flexible. It supports for recording unlimited historical budgets, creation of various financial reports from available templates, creation of BOM or Bill of Materials. (SAGE, 2014) It needs Microsoft Windows environment and Microsoft SQL based backend database. It can be implemented based on client server or online platform. There are wizard based support for setting up and using the software. There is a seamless integration among the modules of the software. It is easy to use and easily understandable. There are robust features that will help to maximize the ROI of the business. The software provides easy to build reports and presentation also. The Business intelligence module will help in better decision making. Users can add user defined fields, business rules etc. for performing specific tasks. However, customization like these are expensive and sometimes need up gradation. Personalization of workflows based on different users is also possible. 5.2 Microsoft Dynamics Microsoft Dynamics also has variations of AIS software available for SMBs like B. Bakery. The variations are Microsoft Dynamics NAV, GP, SL etc. Among these Variations Microsoft Dynamics GP is a general accounting software that offers functionalities for controlling resources, finance, decision making, HR etc. The ERP based AIS software is easy to deploy and use. The interface is similar to Microsoft Office. There are special support for tax and regulatory, online training etc. Microsoft Dynamics SL is another variation of Microsoft Dynamics and this is an AIS software suitable for medium scale businesses. The specialty of this software is, it is suitable for project focused accounting. Construction businesses, Government contracting etc. are suitable for this. Microsoft Dynamics NAV is a general purpose AIS software for any kind of medium sized business. It provides total control over the core business process like supply chain management, HRM, financial management, business intelligence, reporting etc. (Microsoft , 2015) 5.3 SAP Business ByDesign SAP Business ByDesign is a general accounting solutions for small to medium scale businesses. This is mostly suitable for SMBs that are looking for SaaS based cloud accounting solution. It gives a robust set of professional services along with integrated process for finance, CRM etc. The companies belonging to light manufacturing industry is also suitable for implementation of this system. (SAP, 2015)The advantages of this software are, The software is highly scalable. Addition of new users and increase the amounts of transaction is possible. There are support for international account and financial transaction support. Multi-currency and multi-language support. The cost of ownership is reduces. Management of the resources across the organization is more controlled and efficient. Cloud based solution and does not require any hardware infrastructure to be implemented. There is built is disaster recovery system. Enhanced support for security. 6 Recommendation B Bakery wants an AIS software to invest on. They want the software to work on an integrated platform connecting all of their business processes, capable of analysis more business operational and transactional data to the decision making process. The recommendation is to use SAGE 100 ERP accounting software for their business. There are numerous advantages of using the same in their business process. The reasoning behind the recommendation are, A connected and integrated platform for different parts of the business will be available through the software. Vendors, customers and in house users can connect to the same system through BYOD devices using phones and web interface. Managing CRM, sales etc. can be done from this integrated platform seamlessly. (SAGE, 2014) Transformation of raw business data into meaningful information will add advantages to the business process. There are special kind of dashboards in the software that will provide easy access to the business intelligence functions. These information from business intelligence analysis will help to discover potential customer, products, demands in market etc. These information will help to create competitive strategy. Historic data, inventory data management, safety stock control etc. are also possible. As the analysis helps in understanding potential customers, understanding customers requirements thus customer relationship management will be easier and better. There is an integrated CRM module with SAGE 100 ERP. It works like a CRM sales tracker. It helps in improving product stability, usability, manitance, integration, reporting etc. Collaboration with social media helps in delivering better CRM experience. The CRM collaboration module offers facilities like exchange of knowledge among user. These functionalities will not only help in delivering better customer relationship services, rather it will also help in building better workforce, more collaboration among the users and staffs in the organization. Organization culture will be improved along with performance of the business process. The billing and payment module of the software will help to in invoicing, quick payment etc. The expense for invoicing will be reduced, DSO or Days Sales Outstanding will be reduced, redundant data entries will be reduced, and time required for invoicing will be reduced. Tedious process of billing and invoicing will be automated and will take lesser effort. As a result, the time consumed in the process will be saved and utilized in other business processes. That may accelerate the performance and growth of the business. Mobile commerce is becoming a trend very rapidly. It is likely to grow in coming years. Businesses are interested and moving towards it. There is dedicated mobile sales module in the SAGE ERP 100 software that helps the managers in order processing, payment collection etc. These information can be added to the actual ERP system anytime. The company will be able to earn more revenue and benefits if they utilize the powers of the accounting software. Receiving ROI or Return on Investment will be faster and improved. Getting order and discovering potential customer will help in expansion of the customer base. Expansion of customer base means there will be more business and scopes for earning more revenues. Management and fulfillment of orders will be more organized and efficient. There are several value added services available in the software. The business can simply add it to their AIS implementation and stat receiving advantages of those. Overall the business process will be integrated, simplified, robust, efficient and scalable. 7 References Gelinas, U. J. Dull, R. B., 2008. Accounting Information Systems. s.l.:Thomson/South-Western. John Wiley Sons, 2012. Accounting Information Systems: Understanding Business Processes. 4th ed. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Microsoft , 2015. Microsoft Dynamics. [Online] Romney, M. B. Steinbart, P. J., 2014. Accounting Information Systems. s.l.:Pearson . SAGE, 2014. Sage 100 ERP, s.l.: SAGE.SAP, 2015. SAP Business ByDesign. [Online] Simkin, M. G., Norman, C. S. Rose, J. M., 2014. Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. s.l.:John Wiley Sons.

Mothers are better parents Essay Example

Mothers are better parents Essay Mothers are more attuned Both parents can be equally good parents but overall, I do think mothers are a lot more attuned and responsive. It makes sense because they bear the child during pregnancy for nine months in their bodies! So you certainly feel the child already so close on that level. Something a father can never have and get. The mother knows the temperament of the baby even before It Is born. After the baby Is born she spends all day and night feeding, changing diaper, putting baby to sleep, playing tit baby. So there is more experience and learning about baby that helps Inform mom about how to raise this particular child. Like what works what dont. What the child Likes and dont like. Also women are generally more relationship and emotionally oriented. This helps with providing emotional support and teaching social skills to child. Women also have a biological Instinct. Fathers can sleep through a crying baby but mothers dont. I strongly believe that mothers are better than fathers because they are more ND spend more time with the kids and when the mothers hatch you like an egg you would know they love you more than anyone in the world they know how to look after you and protect you from other people by defeating. In conclusion mothers are better because they are looking after you gently not like the fathers just taking after you and Just go run off someone else leaving you out alone with no one else wit you and when your parents get divorced your mum would look after you way better than father . We will write a custom essay sample on Mothers are better parents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mothers are better parents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mothers are better parents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Womens Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa

Women's Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa The first attempt to make black women in South Africa carry passes was in 1913 when the Orange Free State introduced a new requirement that women, in addition to existing regulations for black men, must carry reference documents. The resulting protest, by a multi-racial group of women, many of whom were professionals (a large number of teachers, for example) took the form of passive resistance - a refusal to carry the new passes. Many of these women were supporters of the recently formed South African Native National Congress (which became the African National Congress in 1923, although women were not allowed to become full members until 1943). The protest against passes spread through the Orange Free State, to the extent that when World War I broke out, the authorities agreed to relax the rule. At the end of World War I, the authorities in the Orange Free State tried to re-instate the requirement, and again opposition built up. The Bantu Womens League (which became the ANC Womans League in 1948 - a few years after membership of the ANC was opened to women), organized by its first president Charlotte Maxeke, coordinated further passive resistance during late 1918 and early 1919. By 1922 they had achieved success - the South African government agreed that women should not be obliged to carry passes. However, the government still managed to introduce legislation which curtailed the rights of women and the Native (Black) Urban Areas Act No 21 of 1923 extended the existing pass system such that the only black women allowed to live in urban areas were domestic workers. In 1930 local municipal attempts in Potchefstroom to regulate womens movement led to further resistance - this was the same year that white women obtained voting rights in South Africa. White women now had a public face and a political voice, of which activists such as Helen Joseph and Helen Suzman took full advantage. Introduction of Passes for All Blacks With the Blacks (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952 the South African government amended the pass laws, requiring all black persons over the age of 16 in all provinces to carry a reference book at all times - thereby inforcing influx control of blacks from the homelands. The new reference book, which would now have to be carried by women, required an employers signature to be renewed each month, authorization to be within particular areas, and certification of tax payments. During the 1950s women within the Congress Alliance came together to combat the inherent sexism that existed within various anti-Aparthied groups, such as the ANC. Lilian Ngoyi (a trade unionist and political activist), Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu, Sophia Williams-De Bruyn, and others formed the Federation of South African Women. The prime focus of the FSAW soon changed, and in 1956, with the cooperation of the ANCs Womens League, they organized a mass demonstration against the new pass laws. Womens Anti-Pass March on the Union Buildings, Pretoria On 9 August 1956 over 20,000 women, of all races, marched through the streets of Pretoria to the Union Buildings to hand over a petition to JG Strijdom, South Africas prime minister, over the introduction of the new pass laws and the Group Areas Act No 41 of 1950. This act enforced different residential areas for different races and led to forced removals of people living in wrong areas. Strijdom had arranged to be elsewhere, and the petition was eventually accepted by his Secretary. During the march the women sang a freedom song: Wathint abafazi, Strijdom! wathint abafazi,wathint imbokodo,uza kufa! [When] you strike the women,you strike a rock,you will be crushed [you will die]! Although the 1950s proved to be the height of passive resistance against Apartheid in South Africa, it was largely ignored by the Apartheid government. Further protests against passes (for both men and women) culminated in the Sharpeville Massacre. Pass laws were finally repealed in 1986. The phrase wathint abafazi, wathint imbokodo has come to represent womens courage and strength in South Africa.

Tennessee's Partner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tennessee's Partner - Essay Example The characters, Tennessee’s Partner and Tennessee were known to be notorious at Sandy Barn, being termed as gamblers and thieves. The vagrant criminal activities of Tennessee involving accosting strangers and stealing weapons and money had finally cost his apprehension and trial. Tennessee’s Partner, as a token of their friendship, tried to bribe the court in exchange for his friend’s freedom. However, despite Tennessee’s Partner’s heroic stance to save his friend, the eventually conviction to death was not prevented. His loyalty to Tennessee was viewed by the townsfolk as exemplary and â€Å"cleared him of any complicity in Tennessee's guilt, and left only a suspicion of his general sanity† (Harte, 1899, last par.). The last discourse attested to Tennessee’s partner’s unstable mental condition believing to see his partner again. The short story, in its vividly written content, manifested the loyalty and fidelity accorded in fri endship despite challenges and unconventional endeavors. Harte has revealed the aesthetic value of standing for one’s friend, especially in times of trials and until the end. Despite the notoriety in character, that being perceived and typecast as criminals, there remains a touch of tenderness and love, a product of a bond of friendship woven through time.

NYPD Stop, Question, and Frisk Policy Term Paper

NYPD Stop, Question, and Frisk Policy - Term Paper Example .. found that the stops were not actually finding or preventing crimes. 97% percent of stops resulted in no conviction at all, although they did still utilize city time and resources to reach those outcomes. â€Å" (Clark, Meredith â€Å"Reports Find 'Stop-and-Frisk' Does Not Cut Crime†). Reports also say that the policy has only served to fuel racial discrimination charges as those stopped are supposedly mostly black and Latino men. A move that according to most, constitutes the violation of a person's constitutional rights. The American public has their right to privacy and has quite strict rules regarding racial discrimination across the country. The New York Stop-and-Frisk policy has chosen to ignore the constitutionally and legally protected rights of the New York citizens in an effort to â€Å"keep peace† within their borders. With an average of 88 percent of â€Å"stop and frisks† resulting in the release of those being stopped without issuing a ticket or resulting in an arrest (â€Å"NY 'Stop and Frisk' Policy Violates Minority Rights, US Constitution - Judge†) , this policy should be seen as nothing but merely a nuisance. Evidence of this constitutional rights violation can be seen in the annals of the New York Attorney General's office as far back as 1999 when it was discovered that â€Å"Black and Latino New Yorkers were stopped at far higher rates than white men and women† (â€Å"NY 'Stop and Frisk' Policy Violates Minority Rights, US Constitution - Judge†). Such acts can be deemed as racial profiling which is a direct violation of the United States Constitution. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution declares that people shall be protected from unreasonable searches. Yet in the state of New York, under the Stop-and-Frisk policy, at least 200,000 stops were made without reasonable suspicion from the year 2002 - 2004. Such a high rate of stops overall makes it quite evident that that there is no crime taking place and that the people being stopped were not in any way acting in a suspicious manner (Hanna, Jason â€Å"Judge Rules NYC's Stop-and-Frisk Policy Unconstitutional; City Vows Appeal). Over the past decade, a total of 5 million stops have occurred involving mostly Black and Hispanic men. The New York Stop-and-Frisk Policy is nothing more than a violation of one's right to privacy according to some people who have been involved in the implementation of the policy. Under the 14th Amendment people, regardless of gender, race, and ethnicity are also protected and given the equal protection of the law (Adelmann, Bob â€Å"Judge Rules New York City's 'Stop and Frisk' Policy Unconstitutional†). This amendment in particular is violated by the stop-and-frisk policy because of the conscious decision of the police force to concentrate their operations on the members of the black, Latino, and Hispanic communities. Due to the existence of the stop-and-frisk policy, New Yorkers are gripped with fear that they can be apprehended on the streets for no apparent reason. It has led people to fear a police state coming into existence in New York City. This is a policy that must be brought to an end because: â€Å"The NYPD's practice of making stops that lack individualized reasonable suspicion has been so pervasive and persistent as to become not only a part of the NYPD's standard operating procedure, but a fact of daily life