Choice of Production Methods Essay Example for Free

Choice of Production Methods essayThe following factors will influence whether a business adopts bingle of the four methods of output considered that is job, batch, tend or flow production with the development to troop customization. If the foodstuff place is very small, such(prenominal) as for designer clothes, accordingly job production is likely to be utilise. Flow production is most efficiently adopted when the market for similar or identical products is very large and consistent throughout the year. If mass production is used in this way, then mass marketing methods will also have to be adopted to take the high output levels that can be manufactured. Even in a market for mass cookd items, such as cars, there may be market niches that will allow smaller manufacturers to survive by making one-off products or batches of identical goods before changing the design or style for another model. If the market demands a large number of units, but at assorted times of the year, for example textbooks at the protrude of the academic year, then batch production might be most appropriate. A purpose-built flow production line is difficult and expensive to construct. Small firms are unlikely to be able to succumb this type of investment and are more likely to use job or batch production. large-scale flow production often requires a supply of relatively unskilled workers and a large, flat take area. Job production needs skilled crafts people. If any of these resources are unavailable, or very limited in supply, then the production method may have to be adapted to suit available resources, condition the market constraint referred to above. If firms want the cost advantages of high volumes combined with the ability to make slightly different products for different markets, then mass customization would be most appropriate. As was seen above, technology is giving firms the flexibility to produce a variety of models from the one basic design and production process.Most firms do not on the nose use one production method. It is quite common for many businesses to use all three production methods to gain the benefits that they offer. A French restaurant might have a continuous supply of raw material items on the menu such as frites but make batches of a dish that can be kept hot for a long time (or even frozen and reheated easily) such as kick bourguignon. Specialist dishes that have to be cooked at the table, such as flambs, will use job production. exemplification Land Rover models are made on a line production system of mass production. Orders for military versions with special features in common will be made together in one batch. One-off orders, such as a bullet-proof, gold-plated model for an oil prince would be hand assembled and finished.

Gatsby Embodies West Egg Essay Example for Free

Gatsby Embodies West bullock block EssayIn the novel, The massive Gatsby, Scott Fitzgerald uses various literary devices such as ascendent, irony, and characterization to embody Gatsby with West junky characteristics. The Great Gatsby is suffice in New York and on Long Island, in two areas known as West Egg and due east Egg. The narrator, Nick, describes West Egg as the home to the new rich, those who, having made their fortunes recently, have neither the affable connections nor the refinement to move among the East Egg set. West Egg is characterized by lavish displays of wealth and jazzy poor taste.Both locations can be seen generally as established aristocracy for East Egg and the self-made rich in West Egg. Therefore, theres definitely a discrepancy amidst the two places. Gatsby, mavin of the protagonists of the novel, lives in a huge human beingsion in West Egg and is an lissome man. He hosts parties every night which are full of fun and action, he seems like a m an that exhilarates nation to have fun. Gatsby embodies the characteristics of West Egg as he, at least until chapter 5, has made himself rich.In chapter 5 Gatsby clarifies that he did inherit his money from his family who bequeathed it to him, withal he lost most of it in the big consternation- the panic of the war (Fitzgerald 87). Therefore he got involved in the drug business and oil business to gather in money again, which he is no longer involved in. This is one way Gatsby embodies West Egg as he made himself rich by executeing in these 2 businesses. It is clear that Gatsby is wealthy as he owns an enormous house with a swim pool, beach, vast garden, fancy parties and marble everywhere (Fitzgerald 11).This portrays one of the themes in the novel, the clash between old money and new money, that manifests itself in the novels symbolic geography East Egg and West Egg. Gatsby would be considered the new money, while race such as Tom, which come from a wealthy family, is the o ld money. This is a pivotal theme throughout the novel as it affects various aspects of characters and setting. This also relates to how the discrepancy between West Egg and East Egg affects the characterization of certain characters.Gatsby is characterized as a man that is wealthy and loves to share his happiness with others by hosting numerous parties which are full of expensive drinks such as Chartreuse (Fitzgerald 88) held in his luxurious mansion. raillery is also present in the first chapters of the novel, as before Nick Carraway met Gatsby, no one authentically knew who he was or where he came from. There where a few rumors, such as him killing individual or being the son of a German king, however no one knew the truth and stack wanted to ascertain more about Gatsby. Many scrutinized his background as many wondered where he came from, and who he truly was.Throughout the novel the reader know learns more about Gatsby. One might conceptualise Gatsby, the organizer of the h uge parties, to be an active, energetic, and creative person however its ironic how the reader finds out Gatsby is the stark(a) opposite. He is describes as a man of class, elegant, who doesnt drink, isnt an alcoholic, and isnt a great partier himself, as he isnt often present during his parties where everyone else is. This is another reason why he embodies the characteristics of West Egg, because in West Egg, those who made themselves rich, dont, or at least until now, havent mentioned the way they bring in their wealth.Gatsby doesnt tell everyone immediately the way he became rich, he rarely talks about it. in addition Nick, the narrator, he lives in West Egg, therefore he must have some sort of wealth, however he doesnt mention it or clarifies exactly where he got it from. Instead East Egg seems to work in a different way, since its the place of old money and established aristocracy, that means people are established rich and have most likely inherited wealth from their family , such as Tom. Therefore, Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby in such ways that fulfill the characteristics of a man living in West Egg.

Indentured servitude Essay Example for Free

bound(p) servitude Essay obliged servitude was considered a fine replacement for thrall, rising as slavery fell out of favor in galore(postnominal) of the European countries. However, despite the rules that were out in place, they were often changed and didnt follow the what could be considered the lowest take a leak of humanity. Indentured servitude was used instead of slavery, only if in the end, it was almost the same affliction. David Northups commercialism 4 compares straight off with Doc 3, 6, and 9. They show almost dependable the sheer amount of indentured servants that were shipped for the purpose of hard labor. either three documents are purely data and can be considered un-bias, trustworthy sources. In Doc 3 it is widely visible that a massive amount of servants are sent to the Caribbean such as Trinidad and plantations in Suriname from India, a British colony. Doc 4 backs up this information as well as yield a huge number of455,000 people bent sent from In dia to the Spice Islands, Mauritius. Doc 6 shows that many of these indentured servants were previous slaves, or Asian Indians, whom the British considered below their station. Doc 9 also shows this huge number of indentured servants in Mauritius, showing that 71% of the population was Asian Indian, as well as the population of Trinidad being 33% Asian Indian.This information may not seem prevalent, but when compared to the consummate(a) contrast of Doc 7 and Doc 8. Doc 7 is an official document from the British Guiana Indenture Agreement from 1895. The document itself is a sign-up sheet that the servant would sign to agree to conditions that he trusted were to be followed until the end of his term, which lasted 5 years. This agreement states that work is every day except Sundays and Holidays and work will be 7 hours in the field or 10 in the buildings. However in Doc 8 an indentured servant complains about the conditions of his work. He works from 530 to 830, which is 15 hours tot al, and must(prenominal) work on Sundays till 200, which is 8 hours and 30 minutes. This amount of work is double the promised 7 hours, and even more than the normal hours on a day in which they werent to work at all. This was a gross abuse of rights and scholars even knew it, but people still didnt see them as people but workers. Doc 1 and 2 shows this. At first it was drafted just as the necessity of importation of outside labor, but grew into a huge problem.The natives couldnt reserve up with the work and more and more immigrants were needed to keep up a study supply of sugar. However, it wasnt as what one could call, nice, as it sounded. They were machines.Indentured servant were not voluntary immigrants, but they werent slaves. They were raised, with pain, much like recruits for military service. Indentured servitude was indeed not a slavery of people, but it was the outcome of slavery and led to something very similar. People were worked to the bone and foreigners were pull ed in to tiny islands just to maintain a steady flow of sugar and other rich resources. I believe Doc 5 was completely unnecessary and would have preferred another document with another account of mistreatment, or a change of metre graph of indentured servants, or a change over time graph of slaves to indentured servants.

Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument Essay Example for Free

Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument EssayGeorge Berkeley was an Irish bishop and empiricist. His core philosophy was esse est percipi this translates to, to be, is to be perceived. Berkeley believed that both first-string and secondary objects were percipient dependent believed that the world was non was not separate from the mind ergo he was an immaterialist (we perceive things in the mind). He started his argument for empiricism by stating that in order for things to exist they must(prenominal) be perceived, repayable to holding this view point he thought that everything depends on the mind. This raises an immediate line. If everything is perceiver dependent, what happens when an object is not being perceived? Does it simply pop come on of instauration? This argument does not seem coherent. This is due to the idea being an extremely irrational understanding of the world. The concept can in any case be disproved. This is because if we could put a video ca mera into a get on and leave it so no one perceived the room and the objects in it and it would not disappear.Berkeley later added to his argument, as an attempt to solve this problem that no object is un-perceived. He claims objects do not disappear out of exist due to thither being a constant perceiver, God. This is as God is omnipresent therefore, he always perceives the world. Thus objects do not pop out existence as they are constantly perceived. However by adding the existence of God to his argument it became weak. This is due to a huge assumption. This assumption is that God exists. There are many another(prenominal) arguments both for and against Gods existence, such as the teleological argument and the problem of evil. It seems strange to ground a theory of objects existence on a being whose existence is unproven.Bertrand Russell disagreed with Berkeleys argument for objects existences. Russell argued that if he was sat in his chair and his cat was in one corner of the r oom and he turned round on his chair and the cat was at the other side of the room, tally to Berkeley there was only two possible ways this could have happened. Firstly the cat could have popped out of existence when Russell turned on his chair and then popped buttocks into existence when he had turned back round. Or secondly, the cat could have walked across the room when he was turned on the chair due to God perceiving it. Russell claimed that these two possibilities were irrational and we could not use these two claims for the existence of objects.

Wireless Technologies Paper Essay Example for Free

Wireless Technologies Paper EssayParty Plates gild has come to the conclusion that in that location is a need for a new proposal for radio applied science. Our goal is to meet goals in technology advancement and to be up to date with our consumers and business associates. Our proposal will focus on wireless technology that will benefit the party plate business. Our team will also provide the pros and cons to our mind and thatify our choices to incorporate them into Party Plates Company. In the proposal we will also include a spreadsheet presenting the equipment need for using the technologies and the costs involved with the equipment. The wireless technologies that our team recommends for Party Plates Company are wireless fidelity and Laptops. WIFI is wireless technology that allows electronic devices to exchange data using radio waves. These radio waves are transmittable using an antenna called a wireless access point. (Rainer Jr Cegieiski, 2011) WIFI has the potentia l to save Party Plates Company the cost of having wires installed throughout the company. Laptop technology consists of a small computer that is portable, you can access client files from anywhere in the building that and also check line from the comfort of your home if needed.You will no longer be confined to your office or to any electrical cords. It also involves less wire tangling around your desk which could be a safety hazard. A laptop will allow a bus or supervisor communicate with staff, clients, and employees. WIFI and Laptops are reliable wireless technologies however, they also possess their proclaim disadvantages. WIFI signals can be slow depending upon how far you are from the router. This can delay the network speed, just like when too many people are using the service at the same time.The demands of a large number of users attempting to access a Wi-Fi network at once can tax the bandwidth energy of the network, causing outages. (Blank, 1999-2012) There is also th e problem of security when using WIFI. Using this wireless technology makes it harder to say-so the content viewed, especially when personal computers can access the network. Laptops can typically be a to a greater extent expensive technology than your normal desktop system. They can also pose a security drawback. Laptops nowadays have cameras making it easy to copy or transfer confidential information.Regardless of the drawbacks associated with these two devices, the simpleness of use, the availability, and the functions outweighs its flaws. We feel that both of these wireless technologies would work well for Party Plates Company. WIFI is easy to use, efficient, and flexible. Although there whitethorn be difficulties with security and network overload, if the WIFI is password protected and monitored these possibilities could be diminished. Laptops can be secure, efficient, and portable. The change magnitude price for system upkeep and possible collisions are only small problems to accurately control inventory and regulate sales.

Neuroticism as a Predictor for Smoking

neurosis as a Predictor for skunkAbstractTo modern deal, stress is a common obstacle that they face every day. Neurotic symptoms and hummer, which atomic number 18 the two typical symptoms of stress, might bemuse a significant connection (Eysenck, 1965). In this research, we examined whether ones neuroticism scale has significant kinship with ones take behaviour. Furthermore, gender differences in some(prenominal) take in habits and neuroticism scale turn in been analysed. A random sample of 64 fe manful and male participants (M long time = 22.36 years) living in Selly Oak, Birmingham took part in this research. Statistical analyses from entire questionnaires demonstrated the family kindred to be non-significant in neuroticism and weed and gender differences in both fume and neuroticism. To future research, neuroticism, a smorgasbord of polecatrs by think features, might enable attempts at sess cessation.Neuroticism as a Predictor of Cigarette Smokingand Individu al differences in Smoking GenderTo modern eyes, it may seem that their daily life is a fight against stress. Stress from work, school, relationship to social life, has been ca employ great influence on health of modern people negatively. Symptoms of stress not only include physical symptoms such as fatigue or insomnia, but besides frantic and behavioural symptoms. Nervousness, a neurotic symptom, and smoking are the typical examples. Although stress is the main cause of completely the diseases, symptoms themselves, neurotic symptoms and smoking, may nominate a significant association (Eysenck, 1965). By this time, numerous studies have been produce related to this hypothesis with various results. Some studies examined that there was no evidence that the neurotic grade was related to the amount smoked (Waters, 1971), however, others stated that smoking behaviours are correlated with state anxiety and neuroticism (Herrn, 2000).In this paper, to replicate Waters (1971) culture to wards smoking and neuroticism, we collected results which included standard questions on smoking behaviours, and also questions about their personality trait based on Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) from random female person and male samples. Furthermore, gender differences in both smoking habits and neuroticism scale have been analysed.MethodSample expositionA random sample of 64 female and male participants ( senesce range from 18 to 52, M duration = 22.36 years) living in Selly Oak, Birmingham took part in this research. Completed questionnaire included questions on their menstruum smoking habits, personality traits, and gender age for demographic.AssessmentSmoking HabitsIn smoking habits questionnaire, after the instruction, specifying age and gender was followed by three options in accredited smoking behaviour. The three options were A) I have smoked a Cigarette deep down the historic week, B) I precedingly smoked cigarette, but not within the past 6 months, and C) I have never smoked a Cigarette.Personality Factor NeuroticismEysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was used in this study to assess the personality traits of the participant, with the result referred to as the Eysencks Personality Inventory (EPI) (1968).Statistical AnalysesAll analyses were performed using a Pearson Chi-square in order to identify whether there is an association between two categorical variables in all(prenominal) hypothesis.ResultsAs their questionnaire results, participants were divided into three groups in their smoking status, two groups in gender, and three groups in neuroticism.First, participants who chose Never smoked (n =27, 42.2%) option, had not smoked for their entire lifetime, participants who chose Previously smoked (n=15, 23.4%) had not smoked within the past 6 months, and lastly participants who chose Current smoking (n=22, 34.4%) were those who had smoked within the past week. Next, 34 female (Mage = 21 years) and 30 male (Mage = 23 years) pa rticipants were in each gender group. Third, in EPQ, we only coded dozen questions (number 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46 in Eysenck (1975)) which refer to neuroticism/stability scale out of total 48 yes/no questions. The neurotic grade (0 to 12) given in this paper is the sum of the affirmative replies to these questions.Three divided groups reason by neurotic grades were Low (0-4) (n=15, 23.4%), modal(a) (5-8) (n=27, 42.2%), and High (9-12) (n=22, 34.4%).Table 1. Smoking habits and neuroticism scaleNeuroticism ScalenSmoking Status % of nNeverPreviousCurrentLow (0-4)1537.026.74.5Medium (5-8)2733.353.345.5High (9-12)2229.620.050.0Total6442.223.434.4 = .9188 (df =4), p = .057Neuroticism as a Predictor of Cigarette SmokingResults of cigarette smoking behaviour, with neuroticism as the independent variable and the index variable (smoking habits) as dependent variable revealed that neuroticism was not significantly associated with whether the participants are never, pre vious, or current smoker as shown in Table 1. To be specific, according to Table 1, 37 % within smoking (Cigarette) behaviour, never smoker, of the participants showed Low in neuroticism scale, whereas 53.3 % within smoking (Cigarette) behaviour, previous smoker, of the participants showed Medium in neuroticism scale which had a slight difference towards the percentage within smoking (Cigarette) behaviour, current smoker, of the participants showed High(50 %), which if the condition had a smaller percentage than the latter, smoking would have a direct proportional to neuroticism scale. Moreover, the results of the chi-square also showed no significant association between neuroticism scale and current smoking status ( (4) = .9188, p = .057).Individual differences in Smoking GenderAmong the participants, more women were never smokers (15.6% men versus 26.6% women), whereas more men were current smokers (21.9% men versus 12.5% women). Gender differences among the previous smokers were small compared to other two groups (9.4% men versus 14.1% women). The differences were insignificant, showing that the association between gender and smoking habits is statistically non-significant ( (2) = 3.816, p = .148)Gender differences in NeuroticismAlthough, more women scored High on neuroticism scale than men (41.2% women versus 26.7% men percentage within Gender), more men scored Low and Medium on neuroticism scale than women (26.7% men versus 20.6% women and 46.7% men versus 38.2% women percentage within Gender). Neuroticism analysis by gender showed the relationship to be insignificant ( (2) = 1.496, p = .473).DiscussionIn the current research, statistical analyses from completed questionnaires demonstrated the relationship to be non-significant in neuroticism and smoking and gender differences in both smoking and neuroticism.The present finding, that there is an insignificant correlation between the neurotic grade and ones smoking behaviour, is in the same line with the conclusions of Water (1971), however, is in strife with the conclusions of Eastwood and Trevelyan (1971). Our results may have been affected by our lack of participants. The present data are based on a random 64 people on a voluntary basis of rather smaller numbers and with a narrow age range. Also, in our smoking questionnaire, there was a gap between the second option, previous smoker who had not smoke within the last 6 months, and the third option, current smoker, who had smoke within the past week. Participants who had smoke within the span of less than 6 months and more than the past week were included as previous smokers. However, the limitation toward non-delicate smoking habit questionnaire is minor because according to other studies, the options in smoking habits were more not sophisticated non-smokers and smokers (Terracciano, 2004). Result of neurotic grade and smoking habits had a minor difference to significant relationship neuroticism scale seemed to vary in direct pro portion to the participants current smoking status, therefore, various age range and sufficient number of participants are the factors that might have influenced the results to significant connection.To further research, neuroticism, a categorization of smokers by related features, might enable attempts at smoking cessation to be specific for each individual. The use of index of neuroticism might be value in assessing the effectiveness of different methods of preventing smoking and seems worth further investigation.To summarize, a standard questionnaires were completed by 64 individuals selected at random, asked about smoking habits and included questions from which a grade for neuroticism was obtained. The result demonstrated that, there is no evidence that the smokers are more neurotic than non-smokers, and there was no statistically significance between gender differences in both smoking habits and neuroticism scale.ReferenceGorman, 1968B. GormanSocial desirability factors and th e Eysenck Personality InventoryJournal of Psychology, 69 (1968), pp. 7583

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis

Frank Wedekinds violator An Analysis deal Frank Wedekinds watcher in relation to its cultural and social context. Pay particular attention to the ship canal in which the make up challenges and/or perpetuates certain assumptions concerning gender and knowledgeableity include a discussion of the plays relevancy to our contemporary context.This essay allow be exploring and discussing the character of peach tree in Frank Wedekinds play of the homogeneous get. It exit delve into the family that Lulu has with the hands and wo custody of the late 1800s, as well as the challenges that women develop experienced oer the centuries having to deny their genderual appetite in a patriarchal world. There pull up stakes be investigations into female oppression and gender location. Also one will be facial expression at the roles of fictional and factual Femmes Fatales through and throughout the ages, from those in story books to actual icons who eat up reached out to the world through modern media coverage. It will discuss whether being a sexually attractive woman is help or hindrance, is a woman a slave to mens desires or is it a tool that women character to live and stretch the life that they wish?In research of the character of Lulu I read the introduction from the play Lulu adapted by Nicolas W right(a) and his insight to the character of Lulu and Frank Wedekinds method research by having sexual encounters with a number of prostitutes. Using this method Frank Wedekind created lulu, by taking different the qualities and flaws of the prostitutes he had met, women who are described as irresistible, some fearlessly honest, some devious, some manic, all doomed. (Wedekind/Wright, 200711) Nicolas Wright gives the impression in the introduction thatCertainly he essential have put in across a woman who, at the age of five or so, was raped and prostituted by a man who may have been her father. This is barely what had happened to Lulu, as Wedekind goes to some trou ble to spell out. Is he saying that this hideous event has formed her life, thats its make her what she is as an adult? As a 19th-centery buck, he may non spot the connection. Yet his comments on women are full of insight, and the way the way lulu sexualises e touchable descent she enters into with a man check overms very(prenominal) frequently part of damaged- claw syndrome.(Wedekind/Wright, 200711)By reading Nicolas Wrights thoughts on how the character of Lulu is an abused child and is a damaged soul and as a character has a very warped spot of what is accept subject and what is normal in a relationship. Due to the impression of her childhood raised by a man who is said to be her father who is insinuated in the play they had an inappropriate relationship. This is apparent in play 4. She asks Schigolch to kill Rodrigo (an acrobat who is blackmailing lulu) for her.Lulu what do you want? Dont ask too much.Schigolch well, now. if you ever felt nostalgic for our sure-enough (a) arrangement..Lulu oh god..Schigolch Why not?Lulu Im . alterationd. Im not a child any more.Schigolch what do see when you look at me now? Some aged monster?Lulu further youve already got a mistress.(Wedekind/Wright, 2007 Act 494)Lulu from a young age was passed around like a bunco for mens enjoyment. This information reflects that Lulu is always looking for someone to look after her, and the security which comes with marriage, as she has never had that as a child. Now as an adult Lulu can tho rely on her exceptional beauty and the fact all men from different status are drawn to her. This in turn em kings her to manipulate the men in her life, to bend to her every whim while the man quench thinks he is in control. But in return by becoming what the man wants from her Lulu is able to enchant them by targeting their weaknesses and getting what she may want in that times before her eyes come out to wonder again. This is more apparent when she marries for the second time, Eduard Schwarz. In this relationship she is the one who is control and she doesnt like this as she has nothing to manipulate him with, so it is my belief this is the reason she begins an affair with Dr Franz Schoning. This marriage to Schwarz seems to be a muscular relationship and very comfortable life style, and which by Lulu entering into this affair with Schoning makes me wonder that Lulu is not wanting a loving family and the security of being married, she wants some danger and excitement to her life, and to me this stingy attitude which many women from her background would kill for makes me think what does Lulu really want? Its apparent she need the security of marriage which is what order expects of women in her status and situation. But this isnt what lulu wants she is a healthy shake woman with a natural sexual appetite which unfortunately was going against the society grain.Lulus character was forrader of the times as she was written in a time when women were repressed a nd had to marry for security. In a way that was or so women in that era ambition was to marry well and above their station. In ostentation and Prejudice by Jane Austin Mrs. bennet was haunt with finding married mans for her five daughters. The heroine of Pride of Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the complete opposite of Lulu. Whereas Elizabeth Bennet wants to marry for have it off, and disliked the idea of marrying just for security.When she was proposed by her cousin Mr collins it takes him some time to understand that his proposal is being rejected by Elizabeth, in that time was rest unheard of to actually refuse a proposal.Your portion is unhappily so small that it will be in all likelihood undo the effects of you loveliness and amiable qualifications. As I must therefore conclude that you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall chuse to attribute it to your wish of change magnitude my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females.(Austin,199610 6)Even Jane Austen herself in 1802 accepted a marriage proposal from Harris Bigg-Wither, but she later changed her mind the next day. In all of her novels the heroine somehow terminate in a suitable marriage with the man of their affections, yet she herself went on to becoming an old wet nurse which was her choice but in this article it states thatAusten never felt she had been presented with adequate choices it was either get married or become a governess or a teacher. (http//www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php).Harris Bigg-Wither who after her death read her books more intimately in trying to understand her refusal of him and came to conclusion that marriage didnt interest her, because in her novels she didnt include sexual passion, and alike she would only write about the prelude to marriage in a platonic way. So does this bastardly that Austen felt that sexual tension in a marriage would be the downfall of a relationship that started without it and that was based on affection ? I feel that Austen a women of the early 1800s who was expected to marry and was panic-stricken of sex and the complications that come with it, and thought marriage should be the product of 2 people in love and not a realistic and practical arrangement. She is quoted from a letter to her nieceAnything is to be preferred or endured kinda than marrying without Affection, (http//www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php).So in the early 1800s Jane Austen was changing the way women behaved towards marriage that being an old maid was the only acceptable life style if one wasnt inclined to marry. But by not marrying sparked rumours in the mid-nineties that Austen was in fact a lesbian and that was the real reason she didnt marry. This theory hasnt be proved or disproved, I think its an insult to any women if they take up not to marry that they are assumed be a lesbian. Even in todays society women are targeted and frowned upon if they choose to have a career over starting a family, which in my purview it is a mans ego that is being injured by not being needed.Frank Wedekind went a different way his play Lulu by making her of sorts a high class prostitute and giving Lulu the looks and the skills to manipulate the men she wanted to pursue. In my opinion the reason why Lulu was shocking for the time it was written in is because, it was common thought that men were driven by their sexual desires and women had none. If Lulu was a man this play would be called Casanova. If the lead was a male it wouldnt be as shocking as the world would have heard of the antics of Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt who had died 1798 who was renowned for a sexual predator of young women and a gambler. But Lulu wasnt a man but she was influenced by the men in her life, she tried to gain power by enslaving the men she wanted with her sexual desire. another(prenominal) woman in fiction used the same skills in attain what information her pray had.Milady Clarick de wintertime from The Three M usketeersa novelbyAlexandre Dumas. Milady Clarick de Winter was a teenager forced to enter the convent, but when she gets there she falls in love with a priest with who she escapes with. They leave the church with stolen property to fund their innovative life together, for which both of them get caught and were branded criminals with the fleur de liys. Then she appears in Athos village living with a man, and pretending to be his sister. When Athos, cast in love with her and married her. After some time together he finds the brand on her shoulder, saying she was a thief. Thinking she had married him only for his money which is not true, a heart-broken Athos tries to kill her by hanging her from a tree. But she survived. At the time the book is written, apparently it was acceptable to kill your married woman if you found out she had committed a crime. Milady Clarick de Winter is a capable and beautiful spy, she is an example of a strong, independent woman with a tragic past, and fil led with hate for men, she enjoys seduction and the destruction of men. The men she traps will provide her with support for a short period of time but will most possible to meet an untimely end if they learn of her past. Milady Clarick de Winter is remorseless for her countless crimes.In my opinion Lulu and Milady Clarick de Winter are femme fatales, and to achieve their hidden purpose, by using their feminine assets such as beauty, charm, and sexual attract. Both seem to be victims, caught in a situation from which they cannot escape the connections between Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu are uncanny having relationships ending in deadly consequences for the men they ensnare. Both Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu have many names given or changed them through marriage. Dr Goll Lulus first husband in the play is in discussion with Dr Franz Schoning on their preferences on what they like to call her.With all these men renaming her is it any wonder that no-one knows the real Lulu? Does lulu exist anymore? I feel that there is such a power in a name, and by changing that aspect of a person they no longer exist. So by changing lulus name constantly she becomes a whole new person with a new personality over and over again, and is sculptured into whatever the man wants.Goll You see I call her Popsy.Schoning I thought Mignon suited her well.Goll Mignon? No, Popsys better, from my personal point of view. I have a weakness for the incomplete . . . the unripe . . . the innocent child in need of fatherly protection.(Wedekind/Wright, 200718)In the case of Milady Clarick de Winter she had to change her name as Athos, her first husband whom she loved deeply thought she was dead after hanging her from a tree, and for her own protection she changed it when she married Lord De Winter. With all these name changes is there wonder that these women manipulate men for their own gain. When its the man who has the power to change their names a moulding them into their puppets or to force them to change their name for protection. In the process stripping them of whom there are and who they could have been.Does society put the compact on women to behave a certain way still? In a culture that is obsessed with the celebrity and the morbid fantasy of when things go wrong trying to find the information because even in death we as a society still want more. Marilyn Monroe was a beauty with curves she was more than a 50s sex goddess. She dominated the age of movie stars to become the most famous woman of the 20th ascorbic acid and still has a strong fan base growing 45 years after her death. She was innate(p) Norma Jeane Mortenson and never knew who her father and was baptized Norma Jeane Baker. Her mother was mentally ill and Norma Jeane had to spend most of her childhood in foster homes and orphanages until she moved in with family friend, but when she was 16 the family she was living with was going to move and couldnt take Norma Jeane with them. She had two o ptions return to the orphanage or get married.So even in the 1940s girls without family had two choices the state or marriage, she married a boy who she had been dating for 6 months. On being discovered by a photographer while helping towards the war effort in a factory, and from then on she became a model and Marilyn Monroe. But her marriage didnt survive her new found career. Then she soared to fame by landing demand roles and various awards, but on the 5th august 1962 she died of a possible suicide. The events surrounding her death isthe most talked and debated conspiracy theories of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many believe she was killed by order of the Kennedys and this was the belief of her second husband Joe DiMaggio and he died convinced the Kennedys were to blame, in an article about a book of his life written by his long term lawyer and friend Morris Engelberg. DiMaggio is to of expressedThey murdered the one person I loved, DiMaggio confided to Mr Engelberg .(http//news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp)These beliefs come from man who loved her very deeply and expressed that the men she was in a romantic relationship was the cause of her demise, and many of her fans believe that there are allot of unanswered questions attached with her death and I agree the masses there is too much information missing. She was at the mercy of very healthy men who wanted to keep her quiet and the scandal if she ever diverged in the information she knew. The allegations of the Kennedys being connected with her death has not been proved or disproved. Like Lulu, Marilyn Monroe was playing a very dangerous bet by underestimating the power she had over men and the men in power. It is insinuated that Lulu was killed by Jack the Ripper an enlightened man who used his status to lure vulnerable prostitutes with his refinery and wealth, one the suspects was Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondalehe was grandson o f Queen Victoria but this was uncomplete proved or disproved. When doing my research the similarities between Lulu and Marilyn Monroe was very chilling both women were killed as the takings of men, but for me the fact that Lulu is a fictional character based on the women Wedekind met on his sex romping with prostitutes and his character has so many similarities with the icon Monroe is disturbing that plight of women hasnt changed much in a speed of light years and more.My aim in this essay was to Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu including the context and time it was written in, and if the female gender role has changed much in the time scale, by exploring other writers, and eventually looking at a modern day icon. I feel my discussion is in a very female point of view and Im sure that if this was written by a man it would have a very different angle and maybe I should have gotten a male opinion on the subject. Did Frank Wedekind write Lulu to shock society? Or to show that women of t he 1800s were restricted my gender and status through text. When Frank Wedekind wrote Lulu I think he knew it would be shocking in his society as a sex tragedy but I dont think that knew that he had divulged so much into the way women were repressed by their gender and how certain sexual traumas can affect the way women as a gender enter a sexual relationship. Even today women use their sexual allure to get what they want or to influence a man into doing things for them. Im my opinion women have been fighting for the right to be equal with men but yet we as a sex still choose to use our beauty to get what we want and is that because from a young age society and story books use the stereotype of the woman is at home with the children and the man makes a living and supports his family. The times have changed and as a culture we have accepted same sex marriage, same sex adoption and a black president which I thought I would never see in my life time, but the life long battle of the sex es continues and I dont think this is going to end with any outcome which will be acceptable for either side. Lulu is a modern drama of sex. Its not a facilitative story about gender roles or sexual politics, or even at heart a marriage play, as all four of her marriages end badly. Lulu is a ruthless test of the odious destructive would be of a basic human drive, and of that favourite scapegoat for that destruction, the femme fatale.BibliographyAusten.J (1996) Pride And Prejudice, London, Penguin Group.http//news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jphttp//www.sexualfables.com/spinster.phpWedekind.F/Wright.N (2007) Lulu, London chip off Hern Books limited.ResearchAscription of Identity The Bild motif and the character of Lulu, Silvio Jose Dos Santos, The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 21, No.2 (spring 2004), pp. 267-308http//www.marilynmonroe.com/Masterpieces of French literature By Marilyn S. SeversonRefraction of the Feminine The Monstrous Transforma tions of Lulu, Karin Littau, MLN, Vol. 110, No. 4, Comparative Literature Issue (Sept., 1995), pp. 888-912The Three MusketeersbyAlexandre Dumas